third marking period
Reminder: This course requires that you keep a one and one-half inch BINDER (not a spiral or marble notebook).
Notes for your notebook!
The conclusion of the War of 1812 brought about a feeling altogether different than what had previously existed in America. For the first time America had fought a war as a nation, united. The feeling that resulted from this unification of spirit marked a rise of nationalism and a shift in both foreign and domestic policy.
I. The Presidency of James Monroe
A. How did America respond to the end of the War of 1812?
1. A strong sense of nationalism swept the country in the years following the War of 1812.
2. This period of increased nationalism and prosperity was called the Era of Good Feelings.
B. What measures did the nation take to further our prosperity?
1. Monroe developed the idea of the American System
The Supreme Court, under the leadership of Chief Justice John Marshall, supported the trend toward national power. This should come as no surprise considering he was one of the Federalist judges appointed by Adams. During his term, he dominated the court, writing more than half the opinions. Marshall's decisions enlarged the power of the Supreme Court.
Week seven
The Land Of Cotton
1)The Cotton Economy
a)The Rise of King Cotton
i)19th century upper South (VA, MD, NC) cultivated tobacco, but unstable prices and exhaustive of soil. By 1830s upper South began to grow wheat, tobacco growing shifted westward. Southern regions of South (SC, GA, FL) continued growing rice, Gulf some sugar—crops limited b/c hard to cultivate
ii)Decline of tobacco in upper South led not to industrialization but growing of short-staple cotton- could grow in difft env’ts, w/ cotton gin now profitable. Demand for cotton growing b/c of rise of textile industry in GB 1820s/30s and New England 1840s/50s—new lands and expansion to meet new demand
iii)Beginning 1820s production of cotton moved westward into Alabama, Mississippi, LA, TX, AK. By 1850s dominated economy
iv)“Lower South”/ “Cotton Kingdom” attracted many seeking profits, also slaves
b)Southern Trade and Industry
i)Business classes and manufacturers unimportant, slow growth + mainly in upper South. Non-farm commercial sectors mainly served needs of plantation economy- brokers who marketed crops, acted as merchants and lenders
ii)Primitive banking system did not allow for structures necessary for industrial development. Inadequate transport system: few roads, canals, nat’l railroads
iii)Some southerners recognized economic subordination to north and advocated for economic independence- New Orlean James De Bow- De Bow’s Review
c)Sources of Southern Difference
i)Despite “colonial dependency” South did little to industrialize b/c agricultural system + cotton so profitable, little incentive to look beyond. Wealthy had already invested much of their capital into land + slaves
ii)Lack of commercial growth also b/c traditional values distinctive to South discouraged cities + industry- elegance, more refined life than rapid growth 2)White Society in The South
a)The Planter Class
i)Majority of ppl didn’t own slaves (only ¼ did), of those small % owned many
ii)Planter aristocracy (those earning 40+ slaves and 800+ acres of land) exercised power and influence greater than their number. Political economic, social control. Saw themselves as aristocracy, though most wealth was recent
iii)Growing crops profitable but as competitive and risky as industry in North
iv)After struggling to reach their position in society they were determined to defend it—perhaps why defense of slavery and South’s “rights” stronger in booming lower South and weaker in more established areas
b)“Honor”
i)White males adopted code of chivalry that obligated them to defend their “honor”. Ethical ideal and bravery but also public appearance of dignity & authority- anything to challenge dignity or social station a challenge
c)The “Southern Lady”
i)Lives of affluent centered in home, little role in public activities or as wage earners. White men more dominant + women subordinate than in North- solitary farm life w/ no access to “public world” led to main role wife, mother
ii)Less educational opportunities, higher birth rate and infant mortality rate
d)The Plain Folk (Yeomen)
i)Typical person not planter + slaveholder but modest yeoman farmer. Mainly subsistence farming- lacked resources for cotton or to expand operations
ii)Little prospect of bettering position b/c southern educational system provided poor whites with little opportunity to learn and therefore advance
iii)Majority excluded from planter society, but opposition to elite limited mainly to “hill” and “backcountry” ppl who were secluded, unconnected to commercial economy, and loyal to whole nation and above sectional fighting
iv)Most nonslave-owning whites lived in middle of plantation system and were tied to it, relied on planters for markets, credit, and linked thru kinship. Also large sense of democracy + political participation gave sense of cnxn to societal order. Cotton boom of 1850s gave them hope of economic betterment
v)Belief that assault on one hierarchical system (slavery) would threaten another hierarchical system (patriarchy)
vi)Even the south’s poorest members (“clay eaters”) who owned no profitable land did not offer great opposition to society—greatest factor binding all classes together was perception of race and members of ruling race
3)Slavery: The “Peculiar Institution”
a)Varieties of Slavery
i)Called “peculiar” by Southerners b/c was distinctive from N., Western world
ii)Slavery regulated by law, slave codes forbade property, congregation, teaching a slave. Anyone suspected w/ trace of African blood defined as black
iii)Despite provisions of law variety within slave system b/c white owners handled most transgressions, conditions. Size of farm, # of slaves varied
iv)Majority of slave-owners small farmers, but majority of slaves lived on medium + large plantations-less intimate owner/slave relationship
b)Life Under Slavery
i)Generally received enough necessities to enable them to live and work; lived in slave quarters. Slaves worked hard, women labored in fields w/ men and had other chores, often single b/c husbands sold away (single parents)
ii)High death rate and less children survived to adulthood than whites
iii)Some say material condition of slavery may have been better than some northern factory workers, less sever than slaves in Caribbean + South Amer. Law preventing slave import incentive to Southern elite to provide some care
iv)Other cheap laborer (such as Irish) used to perform most dangerous and least healthy tasks to protect investment. Still overseers hired by owners often treated slave badly, and household servants often sexually abused by master
c)Slavery in the Cities
i)On isolated plantations masters maintained direct control. Slaves in cities were often hired out to do labor and unskilled jobs in cities + towns
ii)In cities line btwn slavery + freedom less clear, white southerners viewed slavery incompatible w/ city life- sold slaves to countryside, used segregation
d)Free African Americans
i)About 250,000 free African Americans in slaveholding states before Civil War, most in VA and MD. Some had earned money and bought freedom for themselves and family- mostly urban blacks able to do this
ii)Some slaves freed by master for moral reasons, other after master died
iii)During 1830s state laws for slaves tightened b/c growing number of free blacks, abolition movement in North—made manumission of slaves harder
iv)Most free blacks very poor, limited opportunity, only quasi-free
e)The Slave Trade
i)Transfer of slaves from one part of South to another important consequence of development of Southwest. Sometimes moved with master, more often transferred thru slave traders
ii)Domestic slave trade impt to growth and prosperity of system, but dehumanizing- children separated from parents
f)Slave Resistance
i)Most slaves unhappy with being slaves, wanted freedom- but dealt w/ slavery thru adaptation (slaves who acted as white world expected him, charade for whites) or resistance (those who could not come to accommodate their status)
ii)1831 Nat Turner, a slave preacher, led armed African Americans in VA, overpowered by state + federal troops. Only actual slave insurrection 19th century, but fear of slave conspiracies renewed violence + led to stricter laws
i ii)Some attempted to resist by running away, escaping to the North or Canada using underground railroad + sympathetic whites. Odds of success low
iv)Resisted also by refusing to work hard, stealing from master
4)The Culture of Slavery
a)Language and Music
)Slaves incorporated African speech w/ English- called “pidgin”
ii)Songs very impt- to pass time, some political, emotional, religious
b)African-American Religion
i)By 19th century nearly all slaves Christians. Black congregations illegal, most went to master’s church led by Baptist or Methodist white minister
ii)A.A. religion more emotional, reflected influence of African customs and practices- chanting, emphasized dream of freedom and deliverance. Christian images central to revel leaders Gabriel Prosser, Denmark Vesey, Nat Turner
c)The Slave Family
i)Blacks deprived of legal marriage, but “nuclear family” dominant kinship model nevertheless. Up to 1/3 of black families broken apart by slave trade- led to strong extended kinship networks
ii)Black women often bore children to white masters who didn’t recognize kids
iii)Slaves had complex relationships w/ masters b/c depended on them for material means of existence, sense of security and protection. This paternalism was used as an instrument of white control, sense of mutual dependence reduced resistance to institution that only benefited ruling white race
The conclusion of the War of 1812 brought about a feeling altogether different than what had previously existed in America. For the first time America had fought a war as a nation, united. The feeling that resulted from this unification of spirit marked a rise of nationalism and a shift in both foreign and domestic policy.
I. The Presidency of James Monroe
A. How did America respond to the end of the War of 1812?
1. A strong sense of nationalism swept the country in the years following the War of 1812.
2. This period of increased nationalism and prosperity was called the Era of Good Feelings.
B. What measures did the nation take to further our prosperity?
1. Monroe developed the idea of the American System
- This divided the United States into 3 sections.
- a) An industrial North would turn out manufactured goods
b) Farmers in the South would provided agricultural products.
c) Farmers in the West would provided agricultural products. - The purpose of this was to develop self sufficiency. Factory workers in the North would form a market for agricultural products. Farmers in the South and West would buy manufacture goods.
- Download File Tariff Act of 1816-Congress adopted a mild protective tariff. Then in 1828, it significantly raised the tariffs.
- National Road-Federal government authorized construction of a road from Maryland to Illinois, and also of canals so goods could move to market more easily.
- To help the two sections of the country do business with each other; the federal government set up a new national bank.
- Paper money quickly lost value because when the banks started to be regulated by the state banks, the banks issued a great deal of more paper money. This made it difficult to conduct business.
- Second Bank of the United States-1816 Congress chartered this bank with 25 branches throughout the country.
- The national bank issued its own paper money. These notes could be used anywhere, and by increasing the money supple they fueled a 2-year national business boom.
The Supreme Court, under the leadership of Chief Justice John Marshall, supported the trend toward national power. This should come as no surprise considering he was one of the Federalist judges appointed by Adams. During his term, he dominated the court, writing more than half the opinions. Marshall's decisions enlarged the power of the Supreme Court.
Week seven
The Land Of Cotton
1)The Cotton Economy
a)The Rise of King Cotton
i)19th century upper South (VA, MD, NC) cultivated tobacco, but unstable prices and exhaustive of soil. By 1830s upper South began to grow wheat, tobacco growing shifted westward. Southern regions of South (SC, GA, FL) continued growing rice, Gulf some sugar—crops limited b/c hard to cultivate
ii)Decline of tobacco in upper South led not to industrialization but growing of short-staple cotton- could grow in difft env’ts, w/ cotton gin now profitable. Demand for cotton growing b/c of rise of textile industry in GB 1820s/30s and New England 1840s/50s—new lands and expansion to meet new demand
iii)Beginning 1820s production of cotton moved westward into Alabama, Mississippi, LA, TX, AK. By 1850s dominated economy
iv)“Lower South”/ “Cotton Kingdom” attracted many seeking profits, also slaves
b)Southern Trade and Industry
i)Business classes and manufacturers unimportant, slow growth + mainly in upper South. Non-farm commercial sectors mainly served needs of plantation economy- brokers who marketed crops, acted as merchants and lenders
ii)Primitive banking system did not allow for structures necessary for industrial development. Inadequate transport system: few roads, canals, nat’l railroads
iii)Some southerners recognized economic subordination to north and advocated for economic independence- New Orlean James De Bow- De Bow’s Review
c)Sources of Southern Difference
i)Despite “colonial dependency” South did little to industrialize b/c agricultural system + cotton so profitable, little incentive to look beyond. Wealthy had already invested much of their capital into land + slaves
ii)Lack of commercial growth also b/c traditional values distinctive to South discouraged cities + industry- elegance, more refined life than rapid growth 2)White Society in The South
a)The Planter Class
i)Majority of ppl didn’t own slaves (only ¼ did), of those small % owned many
ii)Planter aristocracy (those earning 40+ slaves and 800+ acres of land) exercised power and influence greater than their number. Political economic, social control. Saw themselves as aristocracy, though most wealth was recent
iii)Growing crops profitable but as competitive and risky as industry in North
iv)After struggling to reach their position in society they were determined to defend it—perhaps why defense of slavery and South’s “rights” stronger in booming lower South and weaker in more established areas
b)“Honor”
i)White males adopted code of chivalry that obligated them to defend their “honor”. Ethical ideal and bravery but also public appearance of dignity & authority- anything to challenge dignity or social station a challenge
c)The “Southern Lady”
i)Lives of affluent centered in home, little role in public activities or as wage earners. White men more dominant + women subordinate than in North- solitary farm life w/ no access to “public world” led to main role wife, mother
ii)Less educational opportunities, higher birth rate and infant mortality rate
d)The Plain Folk (Yeomen)
i)Typical person not planter + slaveholder but modest yeoman farmer. Mainly subsistence farming- lacked resources for cotton or to expand operations
ii)Little prospect of bettering position b/c southern educational system provided poor whites with little opportunity to learn and therefore advance
iii)Majority excluded from planter society, but opposition to elite limited mainly to “hill” and “backcountry” ppl who were secluded, unconnected to commercial economy, and loyal to whole nation and above sectional fighting
iv)Most nonslave-owning whites lived in middle of plantation system and were tied to it, relied on planters for markets, credit, and linked thru kinship. Also large sense of democracy + political participation gave sense of cnxn to societal order. Cotton boom of 1850s gave them hope of economic betterment
v)Belief that assault on one hierarchical system (slavery) would threaten another hierarchical system (patriarchy)
vi)Even the south’s poorest members (“clay eaters”) who owned no profitable land did not offer great opposition to society—greatest factor binding all classes together was perception of race and members of ruling race
3)Slavery: The “Peculiar Institution”
a)Varieties of Slavery
i)Called “peculiar” by Southerners b/c was distinctive from N., Western world
ii)Slavery regulated by law, slave codes forbade property, congregation, teaching a slave. Anyone suspected w/ trace of African blood defined as black
iii)Despite provisions of law variety within slave system b/c white owners handled most transgressions, conditions. Size of farm, # of slaves varied
iv)Majority of slave-owners small farmers, but majority of slaves lived on medium + large plantations-less intimate owner/slave relationship
b)Life Under Slavery
i)Generally received enough necessities to enable them to live and work; lived in slave quarters. Slaves worked hard, women labored in fields w/ men and had other chores, often single b/c husbands sold away (single parents)
ii)High death rate and less children survived to adulthood than whites
iii)Some say material condition of slavery may have been better than some northern factory workers, less sever than slaves in Caribbean + South Amer. Law preventing slave import incentive to Southern elite to provide some care
iv)Other cheap laborer (such as Irish) used to perform most dangerous and least healthy tasks to protect investment. Still overseers hired by owners often treated slave badly, and household servants often sexually abused by master
c)Slavery in the Cities
i)On isolated plantations masters maintained direct control. Slaves in cities were often hired out to do labor and unskilled jobs in cities + towns
ii)In cities line btwn slavery + freedom less clear, white southerners viewed slavery incompatible w/ city life- sold slaves to countryside, used segregation
d)Free African Americans
i)About 250,000 free African Americans in slaveholding states before Civil War, most in VA and MD. Some had earned money and bought freedom for themselves and family- mostly urban blacks able to do this
ii)Some slaves freed by master for moral reasons, other after master died
iii)During 1830s state laws for slaves tightened b/c growing number of free blacks, abolition movement in North—made manumission of slaves harder
iv)Most free blacks very poor, limited opportunity, only quasi-free
e)The Slave Trade
i)Transfer of slaves from one part of South to another important consequence of development of Southwest. Sometimes moved with master, more often transferred thru slave traders
ii)Domestic slave trade impt to growth and prosperity of system, but dehumanizing- children separated from parents
f)Slave Resistance
i)Most slaves unhappy with being slaves, wanted freedom- but dealt w/ slavery thru adaptation (slaves who acted as white world expected him, charade for whites) or resistance (those who could not come to accommodate their status)
ii)1831 Nat Turner, a slave preacher, led armed African Americans in VA, overpowered by state + federal troops. Only actual slave insurrection 19th century, but fear of slave conspiracies renewed violence + led to stricter laws
i ii)Some attempted to resist by running away, escaping to the North or Canada using underground railroad + sympathetic whites. Odds of success low
iv)Resisted also by refusing to work hard, stealing from master
4)The Culture of Slavery
a)Language and Music
)Slaves incorporated African speech w/ English- called “pidgin”
ii)Songs very impt- to pass time, some political, emotional, religious
b)African-American Religion
i)By 19th century nearly all slaves Christians. Black congregations illegal, most went to master’s church led by Baptist or Methodist white minister
ii)A.A. religion more emotional, reflected influence of African customs and practices- chanting, emphasized dream of freedom and deliverance. Christian images central to revel leaders Gabriel Prosser, Denmark Vesey, Nat Turner
c)The Slave Family
i)Blacks deprived of legal marriage, but “nuclear family” dominant kinship model nevertheless. Up to 1/3 of black families broken apart by slave trade- led to strong extended kinship networks
ii)Black women often bore children to white masters who didn’t recognize kids
iii)Slaves had complex relationships w/ masters b/c depended on them for material means of existence, sense of security and protection. This paternalism was used as an instrument of white control, sense of mutual dependence reduced resistance to institution that only benefited ruling white race
COMING SOON!>>>SGO Test (Missouri Compromise)
| growth_and_division_chapter_7_test__1_.docx |
| 7.3.1_-_nativism_in_antebellum_america.pptx |
CHAPTER 8
Homework: Complete reading checks Copy notes on Chapter 8 (below) Prepare a current events assignment
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"Bigamy is having one wife too many. Monogamy is the same.” Oscar Wilde
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What was the Second Great Awakening?You might be wondering, “There’s a Second Great Awakening?! I didn’t even know there was a First!” Well, there was. We have a whole post about it! The First Great Awakening happened in the 1730s and 1740s.
The Second Great Awakening describes the period starting in the 1790s and lasting through the 1830s. (Although, it’s important to remember that with historical periodization—an important skill for the APUSH exam—the start and end times of these events are loose. There were likely activities that would fit under the Great Awakening characterization before the 1790s and after the 1830s.)
The term “Great Awakening” describes a period of religious fervor, and that’s the core component of the Second Great Awakening.
1849 lithograph of tent revival during the Second Great Awakening. Tent revivals were hallmarks of this historical movement. (Source)
The Second Great Awakening was unlike the first, in that many people were converted into different sects of Christianity through camp meetings and tent revivals. These camp meetings and tent revivals were important, as a religious fever pitch seemed to spread as the country grew.
These more informal events would happen in places that were less developed than the East, and were equal parts entertaining and overwhelming. Fitting in with their informal settings, preachers developed a style of delivering religious sermons that made individuals feel as though they could feel the presence of God themselves, not through religious traditions and texts.
This was a huge transformation in how religion was viewed in the United States, and was the beginning of what was called Evangelism. Evangelists were less interested in keeping up traditions and religious hierarchies than other denominations of Christianity. Instead, their services had a more populist feel that elevated the experiences of the common man.
What was the effect of the Second Great Awakening?Methodists and Baptists were a product of the new, more Evangelical trend of the Second Great Awakening. When compared with the Puritanical and Calvinist denominations that came before them, Methodists and Baptists believe that humans could exercise some amount of free will and choose to be “saved.”
Intended or not, one of the consequences of this line of thinking was that there seemed to be a new role for women and African Americans (enslaved or not) in these new Christian denominations. There was an emphasis on the role that an individual could play to change his or her situation. Although this change was bound up in the social mores of the time, men and women, enslaved and free, could find a place in these more evangelical denominations.
The Second Great Awakening describes the period starting in the 1790s and lasting through the 1830s. (Although, it’s important to remember that with historical periodization—an important skill for the APUSH exam—the start and end times of these events are loose. There were likely activities that would fit under the Great Awakening characterization before the 1790s and after the 1830s.)
The term “Great Awakening” describes a period of religious fervor, and that’s the core component of the Second Great Awakening.
1849 lithograph of tent revival during the Second Great Awakening. Tent revivals were hallmarks of this historical movement. (Source)
The Second Great Awakening was unlike the first, in that many people were converted into different sects of Christianity through camp meetings and tent revivals. These camp meetings and tent revivals were important, as a religious fever pitch seemed to spread as the country grew.
These more informal events would happen in places that were less developed than the East, and were equal parts entertaining and overwhelming. Fitting in with their informal settings, preachers developed a style of delivering religious sermons that made individuals feel as though they could feel the presence of God themselves, not through religious traditions and texts.
This was a huge transformation in how religion was viewed in the United States, and was the beginning of what was called Evangelism. Evangelists were less interested in keeping up traditions and religious hierarchies than other denominations of Christianity. Instead, their services had a more populist feel that elevated the experiences of the common man.
What was the effect of the Second Great Awakening?Methodists and Baptists were a product of the new, more Evangelical trend of the Second Great Awakening. When compared with the Puritanical and Calvinist denominations that came before them, Methodists and Baptists believe that humans could exercise some amount of free will and choose to be “saved.”
Intended or not, one of the consequences of this line of thinking was that there seemed to be a new role for women and African Americans (enslaved or not) in these new Christian denominations. There was an emphasis on the role that an individual could play to change his or her situation. Although this change was bound up in the social mores of the time, men and women, enslaved and free, could find a place in these more evangelical denominations.
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| tuttle_2324_amistad_movie_questions__collab_.doc |
MOVIE: AMISTAD
I. Jacksonian Democracy
A. Jackson is the first President elected via popular vote
1. He first lost in 1824. He had the most electoral votes and popular votes but not a majority of the electoral votes. There were four rivals.
2. John Quincy Adams cut a deal by putting one of his rivals on the cabinet and got his electoral votes. He was never a poupular President.
3. In 1828 Jackson changed the ame of the Democrat-Republicans to the Democratic Party. He won the elcetion easily with help from Martin Van Buren.
B. Jackson is regarded as a "rebel"
1. He is nicknamed "King Mob"
2. He allows the common man into the White House.
READING CHECK- How did the US become more democratic in the early 1800's?
C. Jackson's Actions Strengthen the Presidency
1. The Kitchen Cabinet - puts in his "cronies"
2. The Spoils System - replaces 10% of Federal workers with loyal Democrats.
3. Jacksonian Vetoes - more vetoes then all other Presidents combined.
4. Ignores the Supreme Court -TRAIL OF TEARS - In Cherokee Nation v Georgia he removed the Indians against a Supreme Court order. He is rumored to have said: The Supreme Court has made its decison, now let THEM enforce it:"
READING CHECK: What was the Trail of Tears?
5. Passed the Force Bill -NULLIFICATION CRISIS authorized the use of military force to make sure South Carolina paid the protectibe tariff they had called "The Tariff of Abominations."
READING CHECK- What caused the Nullification crisis?
6. Destroyed the 2nd National Bank of the a United States - Congress had voted to save it but he then used his executive power to withdraw all fderal funds. He felt it was the "agent of the rich."
READING CHECK: Why was Jackson against the Bank of the US?
MARTIN VAN BUREN-
Coat-tail Candidate
Panic of 1837-
Tippecanoe (Harrison) and Tyler Too!
Describe Two Theories of Harrison's demise.
Was
READING CHECK- What NEW political Party won the election of 1840?
Reformers of the Mid 1800'sReformers of the Mid 1800'sMajor reform movements existed in the following areas:
A. Women's Rights
B. Temperance
C. Education
D. Treatment of the insane
READING CHECK- What Three areas of social reform did reformers target?
READING CHECK-What Events of the mid-1800's sparked the first women's movement?
The Abolitionists
Early Opposition to Slavery
Gradualism
Colonization societies
Know:
Spoils system
Caucus System
Nullification
Secede
Nativism
Romanticism
Transcedentalism
Utopia
Benevolent Society
Temperence
Penitentiary
Gradualism
Abolition
Emancipation.
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FEBRUARY IS BLACK HISTORY MONTH
| sgo_assessment_us_i_line_numbers_bw.docx |
February
Chapter 9- Manifest destiny and the war with mexico
| chap09.pdf |
| chapter_9_manifest_destiny.pptx |
Homework:
Chapter 9 Reading Checks
Chapter 9 Reading Checks
I. Manifest Destiny
A. How did America expand its borders in the 1800's?
1. Louisiana - Purchased in 1803 by President Thomas Jefferson for 15 million dollars.2. Florida - Ceded (given) to the United States as a part of the Adams - Onis Treaty in 1819. A US army led by Andrew Jackson had been perched on the border of Florida. Realizing they would be unable to keep the territory (nor did they want it because of the harsh climate) the Spaniards gave it up.
3. Texas - American settlers had come to Texas and built planations and farms. The settlers, led by Stephan Austin, asked Mexico for admission into the Mexican nation as an independent state. The Mexicans refused and war broke out highlighted by Santa Anna's attack on the Alamo. Texas declared herself independent in 1836 and its first President was Sam Houston. In 1845 Texas was annexed by the United States and became the 28th state.
4. Oregon - Questions over the Oregon territories had long existed. Russia, France, Britin and the United States all had claims in the area. Russia and France gave upo their claims and then England negotiated a treaty with the United States to draw the boundry at 49 north latitude, where it remains today.
5. Mexican Cession - Tensions between America nad her southern neigbor had been high for some time and had only increased as a result of America's annexation of Texas. President Polk, with his eye on luring Texas into war, sent US troops over the border across the Rio Grande river, a disputed border. When Mexico attacked the US Polk responded by claiming that the Mexicans had perpetrated an unprovoked attack. Congress declared war and the US demolished the weaker Mexican army. As a result of the treaty that ended the war the US gained the Mexcian Cession and paid Mexico 15 million dollars for their loss.
6. Gadsden Purchase - The US realizing the importance of this territory for railroad building paid Mexico 10 million dollars. Considering the price paid for Louisiana and the Cession lands this was a large amount. We paid this much due to a feeling of guilt over our participation in the Mexican American War.
A. How did America expand its borders in the 1800's?
1. Louisiana - Purchased in 1803 by President Thomas Jefferson for 15 million dollars.2. Florida - Ceded (given) to the United States as a part of the Adams - Onis Treaty in 1819. A US army led by Andrew Jackson had been perched on the border of Florida. Realizing they would be unable to keep the territory (nor did they want it because of the harsh climate) the Spaniards gave it up.
3. Texas - American settlers had come to Texas and built planations and farms. The settlers, led by Stephan Austin, asked Mexico for admission into the Mexican nation as an independent state. The Mexicans refused and war broke out highlighted by Santa Anna's attack on the Alamo. Texas declared herself independent in 1836 and its first President was Sam Houston. In 1845 Texas was annexed by the United States and became the 28th state.
4. Oregon - Questions over the Oregon territories had long existed. Russia, France, Britin and the United States all had claims in the area. Russia and France gave upo their claims and then England negotiated a treaty with the United States to draw the boundry at 49 north latitude, where it remains today.
5. Mexican Cession - Tensions between America nad her southern neigbor had been high for some time and had only increased as a result of America's annexation of Texas. President Polk, with his eye on luring Texas into war, sent US troops over the border across the Rio Grande river, a disputed border. When Mexico attacked the US Polk responded by claiming that the Mexicans had perpetrated an unprovoked attack. Congress declared war and the US demolished the weaker Mexican army. As a result of the treaty that ended the war the US gained the Mexcian Cession and paid Mexico 15 million dollars for their loss.
6. Gadsden Purchase - The US realizing the importance of this territory for railroad building paid Mexico 10 million dollars. Considering the price paid for Louisiana and the Cession lands this was a large amount. We paid this much due to a feeling of guilt over our participation in the Mexican American War.
B. How did the US justify this territorial expansion?
1. Simply put, Manifest Destiny. The term Manifest Desitny was first coined by Congressman Robert Winthrop and then made popular by newspaper publisher John O'Sullivan in the 1840's. It meant that it was Gods will that Americans expand from sea to sea.Americans claimed they were bringing God, technology and civilization to the the west. Of course they also brought death, disease and war but that was never publicized.
I found this song on the web which may give you one perspective on Manifest Destiny:
1. Simply put, Manifest Destiny. The term Manifest Desitny was first coined by Congressman Robert Winthrop and then made popular by newspaper publisher John O'Sullivan in the 1840's. It meant that it was Gods will that Americans expand from sea to sea.Americans claimed they were bringing God, technology and civilization to the the west. Of course they also brought death, disease and war but that was never publicized.
I found this song on the web which may give you one perspective on Manifest Destiny:
C. What problems were caused by westward expansion?
1. As you should know by now the main issue was the extension of slavery into the territories. The South was for it and the North against it. Various controversies surfaced but the passage of the Missouri Compromise was thought to have solved them. The nation was wrong.
1. As you should know by now the main issue was the extension of slavery into the territories. The South was for it and the North against it. Various controversies surfaced but the passage of the Missouri Compromise was thought to have solved them. The nation was wrong.
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| chapter_9_millionaire.ppt |
Chapter 10
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Homework:
Chapter 10 Reading Checks Complete Chapter 10 Study Guide |
| 7.3_-_the_road_to_civil_war.pptx |
| chapter_10_powerpoint.ppt |
