THE COLD WAR
The Protest Generation
| apush-review-the-presidency-of-lyndon-b.-johnson.pptx |
|
| ||||||||||||
“For the first time since President Richard M. Nixon’s divisive ‘Southern strategy’ that sent whites to the Republican Party and blacks to the Democrats …” began a New York Times story last week. Thus has one of the big lies of U.S. political history morphed into a cliche—that Richard Nixon used racist politics to steal the South from a Democratic Party battling heroically for civil rights.
A brief stroll through Bruce Bartlett’s Wrong on Race: The Democratic Party’s Buried Past might better enlighten us.
Where Teddy Roosevelt invited Booker T. Washington to dinner, Woodrow Wilson re-segregated the U.S. government and had the pro-Klan film “Birth of a Nation” screened in his White House. Wilson and FDR carried all 11 states of the Old Confederacy all six times they ran, when Southern blacks had no vote. Disfranchised black folks did not seem to bother these greatest of liberal icons.
As vice president, FDR chose “Cactus Jack” Garner of Texas who played a major role in imposing a poll tax to keep blacks from voting. Among FDR’s Supreme Court appointments was Hugo Black, a Klansman who claimed FDR knew this when he named him in 1937 and that FDR told him that “some of his best friends” in Georgia were Klansmen. Black’s great achievement as a lawyer was in winning the acquittal of a man who shot to death the Catholic priest who had presided over his daughter’s marriage to a Puerto Rican.
In 1941, FDR named South Carolina Sen. “Jimmy” Byrnes to the Supreme Court. Byrnes had led filibusters in 1935 and 1938 that killed anti-lynching bills, arguing that lynching was necessary “to hold in check the Negro in the South.” FDR refused to back the 1938 anti-lynching law.
“This is a white man’s country and will always remain a white man’s country,” said Jimmy. Harry Truman, who paid $10 to join the Klan, then quit, named Byrnes Secretary of State, putting him first in line of succession to the presidency, as Harry then had no V.P.
During the civil rights struggles of the ’50s and ’60s, Gov. Orval Faubus used the National Guard to keep black students out of Little Rock High. Gov. Ross Barnett refused to let James Meredith into Ole Miss. Gov. George Wallace stood in the door at the University of Alabama, to block two black students from entering. All three governors were Democrats. All acted in accord with the “Dixie Manifesto” of 1956, which was signed by 19 senators, all Democrats, and 80 Democratic congressmen.
Among the signers of the manifesto, which called for massive resistance to the Brown decision desegregating public schools, was the vice presidential nominee on Adlai’s Stevenson’s ticket in 1952, Sen. John Sparkman of Alabama. Though crushed by Eisenhower, Adlai swept the Deep South, winning both Carolinas, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and Arkansas. Do you suppose those Southerners thought Adlai would be tougher than Ike on Stalin? Or did they think Adlai would maintain the unholy alliance of Southern segregationists and Northern liberals that enabled Democrats to rule from 1932 to 1952?
The Democratic Party was the party of slavery, secession and segregation, of “Pitchfork Ben” Tillman and the KKK. “Bull” Connor, who turned the dogs loose on black demonstrators in Birmingham, was the Democratic National Committeeman from Alabama.
And Nixon?
In 1956, as vice president, Nixon went to Harlem to declare, “America can’t afford the cost of segregation.” The following year, Nixon got a personal letter from Dr. King thanking him for helping to persuade the Senate to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1957. Nixon supported the civil rights acts of 1964, 1965, and 1968.
In the 1966 campaign, as related in my new book The Greatest Comeback: How Richard Nixon Rose From Defeat to Create the New Majority, out July 8, Nixon blasted Dixiecrats “seeking to squeeze the last ounces of political juice out of the rotting fruit of racial injustice.”
Nixon called out segregationist candidates in ’66 and called on LBJ, Hubert Humphrey, and Bobby Kennedy to join him in repudiating them. None did. Hubert, an arm around Lester Maddox, called him a “good Democrat.” And so were they all—good Democrats. While Adlai chose Sparkman, Nixon chose Spiro Agnew, the first governor south of the Mason Dixon Line to enact an open-housing law.
In Nixon’s presidency, the civil rights enforcement budget rose 800 percent. Record numbers of blacks were appointed to federal office. An Office of Minority Business Enterprise was created. SBA loans to minorities soared 1,000 percent. Aid to black colleges doubled.
Nixon won the South not because he agreed with them on civil rights—he never did—but because he shared the patriotic values of the South and its antipathy to liberal hypocrisy. When Johnson left office, 10 percent of Southern schools were desegregated. When Nixon left, the figure was 70 percent.
Richard Nixon desegregated the Southern schools, something you won’t learn in today’s public schools. For history is a pack of lies agreed upon.
Patrick J. Buchanan is the author of the new book “The Greatest Comeback: How Richard Nixon Rose From Defeat to Create the New Majority.” Copyright 2014 Creators.com.
Posted in Election, Politics. Tagged Southern Strategy, Richard Nixon.
A brief stroll through Bruce Bartlett’s Wrong on Race: The Democratic Party’s Buried Past might better enlighten us.
Where Teddy Roosevelt invited Booker T. Washington to dinner, Woodrow Wilson re-segregated the U.S. government and had the pro-Klan film “Birth of a Nation” screened in his White House. Wilson and FDR carried all 11 states of the Old Confederacy all six times they ran, when Southern blacks had no vote. Disfranchised black folks did not seem to bother these greatest of liberal icons.
As vice president, FDR chose “Cactus Jack” Garner of Texas who played a major role in imposing a poll tax to keep blacks from voting. Among FDR’s Supreme Court appointments was Hugo Black, a Klansman who claimed FDR knew this when he named him in 1937 and that FDR told him that “some of his best friends” in Georgia were Klansmen. Black’s great achievement as a lawyer was in winning the acquittal of a man who shot to death the Catholic priest who had presided over his daughter’s marriage to a Puerto Rican.
In 1941, FDR named South Carolina Sen. “Jimmy” Byrnes to the Supreme Court. Byrnes had led filibusters in 1935 and 1938 that killed anti-lynching bills, arguing that lynching was necessary “to hold in check the Negro in the South.” FDR refused to back the 1938 anti-lynching law.
“This is a white man’s country and will always remain a white man’s country,” said Jimmy. Harry Truman, who paid $10 to join the Klan, then quit, named Byrnes Secretary of State, putting him first in line of succession to the presidency, as Harry then had no V.P.
During the civil rights struggles of the ’50s and ’60s, Gov. Orval Faubus used the National Guard to keep black students out of Little Rock High. Gov. Ross Barnett refused to let James Meredith into Ole Miss. Gov. George Wallace stood in the door at the University of Alabama, to block two black students from entering. All three governors were Democrats. All acted in accord with the “Dixie Manifesto” of 1956, which was signed by 19 senators, all Democrats, and 80 Democratic congressmen.
Among the signers of the manifesto, which called for massive resistance to the Brown decision desegregating public schools, was the vice presidential nominee on Adlai’s Stevenson’s ticket in 1952, Sen. John Sparkman of Alabama. Though crushed by Eisenhower, Adlai swept the Deep South, winning both Carolinas, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and Arkansas. Do you suppose those Southerners thought Adlai would be tougher than Ike on Stalin? Or did they think Adlai would maintain the unholy alliance of Southern segregationists and Northern liberals that enabled Democrats to rule from 1932 to 1952?
The Democratic Party was the party of slavery, secession and segregation, of “Pitchfork Ben” Tillman and the KKK. “Bull” Connor, who turned the dogs loose on black demonstrators in Birmingham, was the Democratic National Committeeman from Alabama.
And Nixon?
In 1956, as vice president, Nixon went to Harlem to declare, “America can’t afford the cost of segregation.” The following year, Nixon got a personal letter from Dr. King thanking him for helping to persuade the Senate to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1957. Nixon supported the civil rights acts of 1964, 1965, and 1968.
In the 1966 campaign, as related in my new book The Greatest Comeback: How Richard Nixon Rose From Defeat to Create the New Majority, out July 8, Nixon blasted Dixiecrats “seeking to squeeze the last ounces of political juice out of the rotting fruit of racial injustice.”
Nixon called out segregationist candidates in ’66 and called on LBJ, Hubert Humphrey, and Bobby Kennedy to join him in repudiating them. None did. Hubert, an arm around Lester Maddox, called him a “good Democrat.” And so were they all—good Democrats. While Adlai chose Sparkman, Nixon chose Spiro Agnew, the first governor south of the Mason Dixon Line to enact an open-housing law.
In Nixon’s presidency, the civil rights enforcement budget rose 800 percent. Record numbers of blacks were appointed to federal office. An Office of Minority Business Enterprise was created. SBA loans to minorities soared 1,000 percent. Aid to black colleges doubled.
Nixon won the South not because he agreed with them on civil rights—he never did—but because he shared the patriotic values of the South and its antipathy to liberal hypocrisy. When Johnson left office, 10 percent of Southern schools were desegregated. When Nixon left, the figure was 70 percent.
Richard Nixon desegregated the Southern schools, something you won’t learn in today’s public schools. For history is a pack of lies agreed upon.
Patrick J. Buchanan is the author of the new book “The Greatest Comeback: How Richard Nixon Rose From Defeat to Create the New Majority.” Copyright 2014 Creators.com.
Posted in Election, Politics. Tagged Southern Strategy, Richard Nixon.
America from 1968 to 1988: Decline and Rebirth
THE PRESIDENCY OF RICHARD NIXON
THE WATERGATE AFFAIR
THE PRESIDENCY OF GERALD FORD
THE PRESIDENCY OF JIMMY CARTER
THE ELECTION OF 1980
THE PRESIDENCY OF RONALD REAGAN
CHAPTER REVIEW
THE PRESIDENCY OF RICHARD NIXON
THE WATERGATE AFFAIR
THE PRESIDENCY OF GERALD FORD
THE PRESIDENCY OF JIMMY CARTER
THE ELECTION OF 1980
THE PRESIDENCY OF RONALD REAGAN
CHAPTER REVIEW
READINGS:
TAV- CH 32
Patrick J. Buchanan is the author of the new book “The Greatest Comeback: How Richard Nixon Rose From Defeat to Create the New Majority.” Copyright 2014 Creators.com.
TAV- CH 32
Patrick J. Buchanan is the author of the new book “The Greatest Comeback: How Richard Nixon Rose From Defeat to Create the New Majority.” Copyright 2014 Creators.com.
| pat_buchanan_on_nixon.docx |
| |||
| apush-review-the-presidency-of-richard-nixon.pptx |
| ford_to_gw_bush.pptx |
HISTORICAL period 9
IRan Contra affair Explained
CONTINUITY AND CHANGE OVER TIME- The NEO CONSERVATIVE MOVEMENT
From Tom Richey.net
In the 1970s, several factors caused many Americans to lose faith in government as an instrument to solve problems. At the same time, conservatives engaged in coalition building and began to mobilize as a formidable force in the electorate.
1960s High Water Mark of “Liberalism”
More involved government w/ ability to regulate business and the economy Government as an agent for creating a more equal society
social welfare programs, affirmative action
Government should take action to integrate schools White flight to the suburbs
1970s “Credibility Gap” After Vietnam, Watergate (incl. Ford Pardon), etc. + Bad Economy
T r u s t i ng g o v e r n m e n t de c r e a s e s
OPEC Oil Embargo Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
OPEC stops exporting oil in response to US & European Support of Israel GAS PRICES INCREASE SCARCITY RATIONING
HYPERINFLATION
1. Vietnam War
2. “War on Poverty”
Massive deficit spending on war and new social welfare programs in the 1960s led to inflation in the 1970s.
Gerald Ford WIN (Whip Inflation Now) FAILURE (gets even worse)
Misery Index(Inflation + Unemployment)
Iran Hostage Crisis (Carter Humanitarian Foreign Policy) 1979 Iranian Revolution
(ProWestern Shah is overthrown replaced with an antiWestern religious government) 66 Americans taken hostage held 444 days
Carter orders rescue BOTCHED
1970s More people begin to see government as 1) too intrusiveand
2) inept and unable to tackle the problems it claims to be able to fix. FACTORS DIMINISHING CONFIDENCE IN GOVERNMENT
- A Bad Economy (inflation, unemployment, high gas prices)
- Weak Foreign Policy(Lost proUS government in Iran, Iran Hostage Crisis, OPEC)
- Corruption & Scandals(Spiro Agnewresignation, Watergate Scandal, Ford Pardon)
"And so tonight—to you, the great silent majority of my fellow Americans—I ask for your support.” Nixon, 1969
1960s People on the Left demonstrated and protested (“hippies”), but conservatives weren’t organized. This changed in the 1970s.
RISE OF CONSERVATIVE INTEREST GROUPS
- Eagle Forum(Phyllis Schlafly) Antifeminist conservative women
- Moral Majority (Jerry Falwell) “Religious Right”
- FISCAL Conservatives
- SOCIAL Conservatives
Low taxes / Less government regulation of the economy
traditional “family values” / antiabortion strong and aggressive foreign policy
3. SECURITY Conservatives
RONALD REAGAN STOOD FOR ALL OF THESE THINGS
1980 Reagan elected President using pretty much the same message that Goldwater used in 1964 when he lost.
“Government is not the solution to our problem. Government IS the problem.”
Ronald Reagan, First Inaugural Address
Comparison between Reagan & Jefferson
- Both advocates of limited government.
- Both described their victories as “revolutions.”
- Both were only partially successful in achieving their goals of smaller government.
Tax CutsStimulate Economic Growth
“Laffer Curve” less taxes = more revenue (to a certain point)
If people are overtaxed, then the government will get less revenue than if
taxes are low (COMPARISON: Andrew Mellon[1920s]).
SUCCESSES
FAILURES
Cut Taxes
Deregulate Industries (Private Sector) Strong National Defense
SCOTUS: Antonin Scalia(Conservative Justice)
Spending Increased (LARGE DEFICITS) Expansion of Gov Programs (e.g., Medicaid) Increased Military Spending (DEFICITS)
SCOTUS: Robert Bork(Conservative Nominee)
ABORTION (Social Conservatives)
GOAL (of Conservatives): OVERTURN Roe v. Wade
Planned Parenthood v. Casey(1992) SCOTUS upheld some restrictions that the State of Pennsylvania had on abortion clinics (1 regulation struck down / 4 upheld)
PARTIAL VICTORY for Conservatives:
- Enables states to pass tighter abortion regulations than allowed by Roe v. Wade.
- Roe v. Wade was not overturned.
ROLLBACK Reagan declared it the policy of the U.S. to support insurrections against
communist governments.
PEACE THROUGH STRENGTH Establish peace not through negotiations, but through having a stronger military than the Soviets
(THEN we can negotiate)
TRUMAN DOCTRINE
REAGAN DOCTRINE
CONTAINMENT
The US will assist free governments who are trying to put down communist insurrections in an effort to containthe Soviet Union’s influence.
ROLLBACK
The US will support insurrections against communist governments in an effort to underminethe Soviet Union’s influence.
“Ash Heap of History”
Speech to British Parliament
^^^ “Great Communicator
“Evil Empire” Speech
Note Reagan’s appeal to social conservatives in addition to his anticommunist rhetoric.
“Mr. Gorbechev... TEAR DOWN THIS WALL”
In spite of Reagan’s rhetoric, he developed a close relationship with Mikhail Gorbechev and relations between the U.S. and the Soviet Union got better during the end of his presidency
POSTREAGAN TOPICAL OUTLINE
George H.W. Bush (“Bush 41”) Persian Gulf War(“First Gulf War”)
U S r e s p o n d s t o S a d d a m H u s s e i n ’ s i n v a s i o n o f K u w a i t
Operation Desert Stormretakes Kuwait
US MILITARY DID NOT TRY TO TOPPLE SADDAM’S REGIME
(Contrast with the Iraq War)
1980-1984
1988
US/USSR boycott each other’s Olympics SDI/ “Star Wars” Missile Defense
Reagan visits the USSR
START I(Arms Reduction Treaty)
1992 Bill Clinton (D) defeats George H.W. Bush (R)
1 .
2. 3.
B u s h h a d b r o k e n h i s “RE A D M Y L I P S : N O N E W T A X E S ” p l e d g e (Credibility Gap)
Bad Economy (Recession)
Clinton ran as a moderate Democrat “a different kind of Democrat”
After being elected, Bill Clinton signed a tax increase(for higher tax brackets) and put his wife, H i l l a r y , i n c h a r g e o f a he a l t h c a r e r e f o r m t a s k f o r c e ( f i r s t t i m e a F i r s t L a d y h a d b e e n p l a c e d i n charge of a heavy policy issue). He also signed Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell,which allowed gays to serve in the military as long as they were not open about their sexuality (previously, the military would ask about a recruit’s sexual orientation).
Clinton’s Health Reform(19931994)
Obama’s Health Reform(20092010)
A lot of public outcry from conservatives and resistance from moderate Democratic legislators
Did not pass Clinton and allies gave up (Clinton “never met a poll he didn’t like”)
Democrats CLOBBERED in midterm elections
(GOP takes BOTH chambers in 1994)
A lot of public outcry from conservatives and resistance from moderate Democratic legislators
Passed by minimal margins after months of tense negotiations
Democrats CLOBBERED in midterm elections
(GOP takes House in 2010)
Contract With America(1994)
Republican (GOP) Platform for 1994 midterm elections Promised balanced budgets, term limits, line item veto, etc.
RESULT:Republicans were elected BUT did not deliver on most of the Contract WHY did the majority of the electorate support the GOP in 1994?
Clinton ran as a moderateDemocrat, but then governed as a liberal Democrat.
How does Bill Clinton get elected to a second term? Clinton began to govern as a moderate.
- Brought in a Republican political advisor (Dick Morris).
- Balances budgets
- Signs a Welfare Reform bill
(allowed states more flexibility, curbed abuses of the system, and limited the amount)
BIPARTISAN (This was a Republican priority) - “The era of big government is over...” Bill Clinton
- Clinton also benefited from a strong economy.
1991 “Fall of Communism” (Soviet Union collapses and a democratic government is established) PostCold War
Bill Clinton (26 February 1999)
I n 2 0 0 0 , G O P c a n d i d a t e G e o r g e W . B u s h c r i t i c i z e d C l i n t o n ’ s f o r e i g n p o l i c y i s “ n a t i o n b u i l d i n g . ” “War on Terror” (Post9/11)
Controversial Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan
Increased Security Measures / Concern Over Civil Liberties
ECONOMIC CHANGES
NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)
Created a free trade zone between U.S., Canada, and Mexico
TARIFFS
Bipartisan (both Dems and Reps) Support G.H.W. Bush & Clinton both supported
Decrease in Manufacturing Jobs
Decline in Union Membership
Stagnant Real Income for Middle Class Americans
iurtyew
“Graying of America” / Social Security Reform Debate
(Can we still afford Social Security in its current state?)
(Should Social Security be at least partially individualized and/or privatized?)
POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHIC SHIFTS
“Sunbelt” Shift in population to the South and West (starting in 1950s air conditioning)
Immigration from Latin America altering demographics (Less White American Electorate)
GAY RIGHTS
“Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” (19942011)
Pre1994 19942011 2011
OUTRIGHT BAN on gays in the military Don’t Ask Don’t Tell
Gays can serve openly in the military
SameSex Marriage
Majority of public opinion supports after 2013
Legal in nearly all states now (in many states due to federal courts striking down bans)
America from 1988 to 2000: Prosperity and a New World Order
THE 1988 ELECTION
THE PRESIDENCY OF GEORGE BUSH
THE 1992 ELECTION
THE PRESIDENCY OF BILL CLINTON
THE 2000 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION
CHAPTER REVIEW
THE 1988 ELECTION
THE PRESIDENCY OF GEORGE BUSH
THE 1992 ELECTION
THE PRESIDENCY OF BILL CLINTON
THE 2000 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION
CHAPTER REVIEW
The Clinton Years: It's the economy, stupid!
1991 “Fall of Communism” (Soviet Union collapses and a democratic government is established) PostCold War Debate over America’s Role in the World
We got more involved in the world to stop the spread of communism. WHAT NOW???
Clinton sent some troops to the former Yugoslavia as “peacekeepers” to intervene in a civil war (potential genocide / human rights violations).
Some Republicans criticized this intervention because they did not see the situation as an immediate threat to US national security.
“CLINTON DOCTRINE”
“It's easy ... to say that we really have no interests in who lives in this or that valley in Bosnia,or who owns a strip of brushland in the Horn of Africa, or some piece of parched earth by the Jordan River. But the true measure of our interests lies not in how small or distant these places are, or in whether we have trouble pronouncing their names. The question we must ask is, what are the consequences to our security of letting conflicts fester and spread. We cannot, indeed, we should not, do everything or be everywhere. But where our values and our interests are at stake, and where we can make a difference, we must be prepared to do so.”
We got more involved in the world to stop the spread of communism. WHAT NOW???
Clinton sent some troops to the former Yugoslavia as “peacekeepers” to intervene in a civil war (potential genocide / human rights violations).
Some Republicans criticized this intervention because they did not see the situation as an immediate threat to US national security.
“CLINTON DOCTRINE”
“It's easy ... to say that we really have no interests in who lives in this or that valley in Bosnia,or who owns a strip of brushland in the Horn of Africa, or some piece of parched earth by the Jordan River. But the true measure of our interests lies not in how small or distant these places are, or in whether we have trouble pronouncing their names. The question we must ask is, what are the consequences to our security of letting conflicts fester and spread. We cannot, indeed, we should not, do everything or be everywhere. But where our values and our interests are at stake, and where we can make a difference, we must be prepared to do so.”
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The New Millenium
|
|
|
The Presidency of "W"- George w. bush #43
The Obama Presidency - Yes We Can!
|
|
|
